Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Credit Risk Management...

CHAPTER ONE Introduction Zimbabwe’s financial sector has over the years been crippled by Non-performing loans. Non-performing loans arise from credit risk or default risk which as defined by Jorion(2003) is the risk of an economic loss from the failure of a counterparty to fulfill its contractual obligations. Its effect is measured by the cost of replacing cash flows if the other party defaults. Credit risk can thus be seen to contribute significantly to the profitability of an organization and hence the need to hedge against such risk. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of credit risk management tools which are being used by Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Zimbabwe by assessing the effect of credit terms, client appraisal, credit control measures as well as credit collection policies on loan repayment. Microfinance Institutions by their nature are more vulnerable to credit risk owing to a number of reasons such as; that the primary clientele of MFIs consists mostly of those who face barr iers in accessing financial products from traditional financial institutions Murdoch (2008), the scope of activities is mainly limited to lending that is a microfinance institution cannot engage into other activities done by the bank such as underwriting of securities and foreign trade operations among others . 1.1 Background of the Study Since the adoption of the multi-currency regime, Zimbabwean financial institutions have increasingly been facing challenges associated withShow MoreRelatedCase Study Analysis : Company s Financial Wealth And Position1440 Words   |  6 PagesA4080865 togrul.khalafov@gmail.com Risk Management Report Bluehill Bank Written Coursework Assignment Ratio analysis is the best way of analysing the company’s financial wealth and position. 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The Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children - 1255 Words

The effects of divorce on children Throughout time, people from all over the world have chosen to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage is a beautiful thing, but there are some couples who are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Although divorce can be solution to cope with problem between the husband and wife, it still has dangerous effects especially on their children. Children with divorced parents are vulnerable to risk. Divorce has a dangerous impact on children. Divorce of parentss causes many problems to children. It causes children to have a loss of Knowledge, skills, and resources from parents, behavioral problems, emotional problem, and health problem A divorce of parents can lead children to have loss of knowledge, skills, and resources from parents. Those children with divorce of parentss are at risk of getting bad grades even dropping out school due to the fact that they have been alternating between their parents houses. When the children saw their father fighting against each other, they feel depressed and worthless. Gradually, the feeling of depression and worthlessness take them to the point where he or she just doesn’t care about school anymore. The high marks that he or she used to get in the past to impress his parent s are not the same as the grades after divorce. The child reaches the level where getting a standard grade is not important anymoreShow MoreRelatedChildren Of Divorce And Its Effect On Children913 Words   |  4 PagesChildren of Divorce Children of divorce are numerous, the effects of their biological parents separation and subsequent divorce has lasting effects on their behavior, academics, and their emotions. 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Police Systems in the United States Chapter free essay sample

Thief-takers private detectives who were paid by the crown on a piecework bases. County and Municipal Policing Despite the existence of the large federal enforcement reassurances and the state police agencies, most law enforcement and peacekeeping in rural, urban, and unincorporated areas is provided by county and municipal authorities. The office of sheriff has been established by either a state constitution or statutory law In all the states except Alaska.The sheriff serves as the chief law enforcement officer in his or her county and has countywide jurisdiction The sheriff the first of the formal law enforcement agents to appear in the vast territories beyond Mississippi River, was closely modeled after his . British counterpart. But while the powers or the English sheriff had diminished over time, those of the American sheriff expanded to include not only the apprehension of criminals but also the conducting of elections, the collection of taxes, and the custody of public funds. Moreover, American sheriffs were eventually chosen by popular election. The Posse. The origins of the posse go back many hundreds of years. During the time of Alfred the Great, when mutual pledges hound together the members of a tithing, one of the peacekeeping Instruments was the posse cogitates, Latin for the rower of the county, which consisted of all the able-bodied men in a county. This group was at the absolute disposal of a sheriff, and members were required to respond when called on to do so. The institution of posse cogitates was transferred Intact to American soil . 3 Here, It became an Important component of criminal justice machinery as the frontier moved westward, for it could place the entire power of a community under the leadership of the sheriff. Territorial Agencies Also among the lawmen of the West were territorial police agencies. The Texas Rangers were the first of these organized forces. Equipped by Stephen F. Austin in 1823 to help protect settlers against the Native American tribes, 1 OFF revolution against Mexico broke out in 1835. After 1870, the Rangers evolved into an effective law enforcement agency. 4 Following the lead of the Texas Rangers, the Arizona Rangers were established in 1901 and the New Mexico Mounted Police in 1905-?but these were primarily border patrol forces and were abandoned within a few years after their inception. 1 5 Federal marshals were also a part Of law enforcement in the American West. When the United States came into being with the ratification of the Constitution, the dual sovereignty of state and republic required the designation of special officers to represent the authority of the federal courts.In 1789, Congress established the position of federal marshal, but these appointed officials did not come to prominence until after the Civil War. The popular image of federal marshals and their deputies maintaining law and order along the trail and in the violent mining communities has little foundation in fact. Most of the marshals working time was spent on routine unction related to civil and criminal court activity. Sometimes they conducted criminal inv estigations and paper-handed outlaws, but these activities constituted only a fraction of the duties they performed. 6 It should be noted that not all marshals were federal marshals. There were also city and town marshals appointed by a mayor or city council, These were community Patrick Calhoun and Sir Robert Peel The Bow Street Runners had been born and nurtured to some extent in secrecy if it had been known that even an unofficial band of police was being supported with public funds, it would have been denounced as n instrument of oppression and tyranny.Even the Horse Patrol, as effective as it had been, was disbanded for this reason. The English people were emphatically opposed to a professional police force because of their love of freedom, faith in private enterprise, respect for tradition, and dislike for spending public money. In spite of these feelings, which were deeply rooted in English culture, Glasgow businessman Patrick Calhoun was appointed as a London magistrate 1- soon conceived the idea of a new science of preventive policeLaw and Order in Early America From the time the first Am erican colonies were founded, the villages and towns in the New World were constantly threatened on land by Native Americans and from the sea by pirates and foreign enemies. These problems of defense were dealt with by the military. The towns had no protection, however, against disorderly, lawbreaking inhabitants. In the seventeenth century, village authorities began selecting men to serve as guardians of the peace.The titles and functions of these first police officers were similar to those of the English unstable, and the range of their duties can be seen from a 1646 Massachusetts law. Federal law enforcement agencies enforce specific statutes those have two unique features. First, since their task is to contained in the U. S. Criminal Code-?their units are ; highly specialized, often with distinctive resources and training. Second, since they are agencies located in the executive branch of the U. S. Government, their authority.The major federal agencies with enforcement powers are the Federal Bureau of Investigation d lid the newly created Department of Homeland Security. There are Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATE), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEAD). Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) The FBI is the chief investigative body of the Justice Department, with legal Jurisdiction extending to all federal crimes that are not the specific responsibility of some other federal enforcement agency.The more significant crimes that fall into FBI Jurisdiction are kidnapping; crimes against banks; aircraft piracy; violations of the Civil Rights Act; interstate gambling; crime; interstate flight to avoid prosecution, custody, or embodiment; and terrorism both domestic and international (see Exhibit 6. 3). Police Systems in the United States In a nation with a population approaching 300 million people-?all of whom are under the authority of competing political jurisdictions at federal, state, county, and local levels-?law enforcement in the United States today reflects a structure more complex than that found in any other country.There are between 23,000 and 25,000 professional police agencies in the public sector alone-each representing the enforcement arm of a specific criminal code or tactical body. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATE) Originally organized to enforce prohibition, AM has responsibility for enforcing the tax laws that relate to the manufacture of alcohol and tobacco and for enforcement of the Gun Control Act of 1972. U. S. Marshals Service Under the direct authority of the U. S. Attorney generals office, the U.S. Marshals Service is the countrys oldest law enforcement agency. It has the power to enforce all federal laws that are not the specific responsibility of some other federal agency. Customs and Border Protection (COP) The COP represents a unification of agencies (including the former Customs Service) responsible for administering the laws that regulate the admission, exclusion, naturalization, and deportation of alkyl, as well as preventing the illegal entry of alien, and the smuggling of illegal goods. U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (CUSCUS) Replacing the former Immigration and Naturalization Service, the JUGS has inspectors and investigators whose responsibilities include the administration of laws related to the importation of reign goods; the collection of duties, penalties, and other fees; and the prevention of smuggling. Secret Service Known primarily for its role in protecting the president of the United States, his family, and other government officials, the Secret Service also has investigative units that focus on the forgery and counterfeiting of U.S. Currency, the Secret Service has been the tracking of counterfeit money used by terrorists to finance their net-works. 21 Coast Guard The Coast Guard is a special naval force with responsibilities for oppressing contraband trade and aiding vessels in distress. It was formed in 191 5 when an act of Congress combined the Revenue Cutter Service (established in 1790 to prevent smuggling) and the Life Saving Service. Treasur y Department Internal Revenue Service (IRS) The IRS is the federal agency responsible for the administration and enforcement of the federal tax laws. Its major enforcement activities in the criminal area fall within the Intelligence Division, which investigates possible criminal violations of the tax law. Department of the Interior U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service With a mission to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security The security and law enforcement arm of the Department of State is the Bureau of Diplomatic Security.Its focus is international investigations, threat analysis, cyber security, counterterrorism, security technology, and protection of people, property, and information. U. S. Postal Service Postal Inspection Service As the law enforcement and audit arm of the U. S. Postal Service, the Postal Inspection Service has Jurisdiction in all criminal matters infringing on the integrity and security of the mail and the safety of all postal valuables, property, and personnel.Other Federal Law Enforcement Agencies In addition to the preceding agencies, a variety of other federal agencies have enforcement functions. For example, the departments of Labor, Agriculture, Defense, and Interior have developed enforcement or quasi-enforcement units to deal with operations of a criminal or regulatory nature. Independent regulatory bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have enforcement powers.Special investigative and enforcement bodies also appear from time to time, stemming directly from the executive, Judicial, or legislative branches of government. 22 Private Policing today private policing includes a variety of nonpublic organizations and individuals who provide guard, patrol, detection, protection and alarm services as well as armored car transportation, crowd control, insurance investigation, and retail and industrial security.

Movie Summary The Hurt Locker Essay Example

Movie Summary The Hurt Locker Essay Tuesday,September,11,2001. This was a day that would change the world forever. More importantly, it changed the way America viewed Middle Eastern countries.In the following days after, America would declare war against all terrorist organizations, and would soon learn that it was a fight they would become addicted to. The desire to be in dangerous high-risk situations is a theme that we see constantly throughout the movie and is magnified through Sergeant First Class Willam James’ unorthodox ways of diffusing bombs in intense situations. This leads to the main theme within this movie, that â€Å"War is a drug†- Chris Hedges. In the film The Hurt Locker, by Mark Boal and Kathryn Bigelow, we see how American politics are conducted through the depiction of the character Sergeant First Class William James. Throughout the movie we see the characters change, develop different beliefs and ways of looking at life.This represents how America has changed through its difficult tim e fighting in The War on Terror. This film successfully portrays how war is a drug, and that Americans will always return to the battlefield with their brothers in arm no matter how dangerous the foreign land will seem, because just like drugs, war is addictive. To fully understand this review you must first understand the political views that America has and what they have been through leading up to the films release date in 2008. America has yet to fully recover from 9/11.The fear of another attack looms large overs civilians.The Obama administration was actively pursuing the leader of the Al-Quaeda.At the same time, they were slowly pulling troops out from Afghanistan and Iraq, with the intention of withdrawingaltogether from the War on Terror, to instead focus on threats only pertaining to the American people. When reviewing the theme of ‘Desire to be in high risk situations’, we see Sergeant First Class William James return to the line of fire aft We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary The Hurt Locker specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary The Hurt Locker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary The Hurt Locker specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer